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Just 2% of Iranian births involve twins or more, but stark provincial differences point to deeper demographic, health, and cultural divides. Out of nearly 941,000 successful deliveries in Iran in the Persian year 1403 (ending March 2025), only 2% involved multiple births. That includes 18,000 sets o

IOD’s analysis reveals that nearly half of Iran’s energy is wasted before reaching users—costing billions and exposing deep structural failures. Despite holding the world’s second-largest gas reserves, Iran wastes more energy than almost any other country. Each day, 86m cubic metres of natural gas v

London’s Court of Appeal has upheld enforcement of a $2.4bn gas arbitration against NIOC, paving the way for asset seizures in Iran’s costliest commercial defeat. London’s Court of Appeal has upheld enforcement of a $2.4bn gas arbitration against NIOC, paving the way for asset seizures in Iran’s cos

Iran’s education crisis has become nationwide. Structural inequality is deepening across all provinces—not just in the poorest corners, IOD’s analysis of the latest available data reveals. Iran’s education crisis has become nationwide. Structural inequality is deepening across all provinces—not just

IOD has found that the combined state allocation for Moses and its sister series Salman the Persian has reached 9.1tn tomans ($182m) over the last four years. From 700bn tomans in 2022 to 4tn in 2025, the budget has ballooned despite no completed production. How a state-backed Moses epic became the

IOD’s analysis of UN data reveals Iran as the Middle East’s leading extractor of groundwater, and fifth globally after India, China, the US, and Pakistan. Overuse has placed hundreds of aquifers in critical condition, with land subsidence threatening major cities and “Day Zero” looming in Tehran. IO

IOD’s analysis finds the regime has increased funding for the Rahian-e-Nour war pilgrimages to 210bn toman ($2m) in 2025, even after fabricating participation figures and halting all public reporting. IOD’s analysis finds the regime has increased funding for the Rahian-e-Nour war pilgrimages to 210b

IOD’s analysis finds Iran’s crypto mining footprint could account for up to 15% of global activity—driven by subsidised electricity and large-scale operations. A 2,400 MW power drop during a blackout revealed the hidden scale of the sector. IOD’s analysis finds Iran’s crypto mining footprint could a

IOD’s analysis finds no correlation between Iran’s provincial mining resources and local economic wellbeing. Provinces rich in mines often remain poor, while low-resource areas post stronger welfare indicators. IOD’s analysis finds no correlation between Iran’s provincial mining resources and local

IOD’s analysis finds a 60% increase in Iran’s reported grain production since 2011 has coincided with a fourfold jump in grain imports—now exceeding $8bn annually. Official data clashes with international estimates, raising fresh doubts over Tehran’s agricultural self-sufficiency claims. IOD’s analy

IOD’s analysis finds that most food and energy waste in Iran stems from systemic inefficiencies, not consumer behavior. Official narratives blaming citizens misrepresent both domestic and global data. IOD’s analysis finds that most food and energy waste in Iran stems from systemic inefficiencies, no

IOD analysis of Iran’s 1404 budget law finds the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) allocated over 311tn tomans ($6bn), about 1.8 times the regular army’s 177tn tomans ($3.4bn). The figures exclude opaque extra-budgetary funding. SignalIOD analysis of Iran’s 2025 budget law finds the Islamic R