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IOD’s analysis finds a 60% increase in Iran’s reported grain production since 2011 has coincided with a fourfold jump in grain imports—now exceeding $8bn annually. Official data clashes with international estimates, raising fresh doubts over Tehran’s agricultural self-sufficiency claims. IOD’s analy

IOD’s analysis finds that most food and energy waste in Iran stems from systemic inefficiencies, not consumer behavior. Official narratives blaming citizens misrepresent both domestic and global data. IOD’s analysis finds that most food and energy waste in Iran stems from systemic inefficiencies, no

IOD analysis of Iran’s 1404 budget law finds the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) allocated over 311tn tomans ($6bn), about 1.8 times the regular army’s 177tn tomans ($3.4bn). The figures exclude opaque extra-budgetary funding. SignalIOD analysis of Iran’s 2025 budget law finds the Islamic R

Over the past decade, Iran’s economy has endured one of the most intense inflation waves in its modern history, driven largely by unchecked government borrowing and money printing, according to newly compiled data from Iran Open Data. Over the past decade, Iran’s economy has endured one of the most

Iran’s parliament is set to vote on removing four zeros from its currency, making 10,000 rials equal to 1 new rial. But with inflation over 40% for five years, experts warn the plan may simplify math, not solve deeper economic problems. The big picture:Iran’s Parliament is set to vote on a long-dela

As Iran grapples with soaring summer temperatures and widespread blackouts, the government has shut down public offices in at least 12 provinces and warned of a possible nationwide one-week closure to conserve energy. As Iran grapples with soaring summer temperatures and widespread blackouts, the go

Once on track to become an economic powerhouse, Iran’s global standing has steadily eroded over the past 36 years under Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei — a reversal of the rapid growth seen during the Pahlavi era. The big picture:Once on track to become an economic powerhouse, Iran’s global st

Despite producing over 90% of the world’s saffron, Iran is rapidly losing ground in the global saffron value chain. According to official data, the average export price per kilogram of Iranian saffron has plummeted from $3,000 in 2011 to under $900 in 2023. Despite producing over 90% of the world’s

Over the course of Ali Khamenei’s 36-year rule, Iranians' average income has plunged relative to that of their Turkish neighbors — dropping from near-parity in 1989 to just one-third of Turkey’s per capita GDP in 2024, according to World Bank data. Over the course of Ali Khamenei’s 36-year rule

Doping continues to plague Iranian sports, raising concerns about athlete health, fair competition, and the country's global reputation. From 2013 to 2023, more than 10,800 doping tests were conducted — 341 of which tested positive, a rate of 3.14%. Doping continues to plague Iranian sports, ra

Iran has spent years tightening security around its nuclear program and personnel — long-standing targets of Israeli sabotage and assassination campaigns. Iran has spent years tightening security around its nuclear program and personnel — long-standing targets of Israeli sabotage and assassination c

While the Caspian Sea has emerged as a major hub for hydrocarbon development over the past three decades, Iran—despite being a coastal nation—is largely absent from the regional energy scene. While the Caspian Sea has emerged as a major hub for hydrocarbon development over the past three decades, Ir