While the Caspian Sea has emerged as a major hub for hydrocarbon development over the past three decades, Iran—despite being a coastal nation—is largely absent from the regional energy scene.
Iran’s domestic consumption of mazut — one of the dirtiest fossil fuels — has more than tripled in the past six years, according to a classified Oil Ministry report obtained by Iran Open Data.
A data analysis of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei’s speeches reveals a striking shift in his language following Israel’s surprise attack on June 13. The rhetorical pivot suggests a broader change in tone — and possibly, political strategy.
Despite official claims of global excellence, Iran’s only operational nuclear power plant in Bushehr has underperformed in both energy output and return on investment.
Ali Khamenei, 86, is now among the oldest and longest-ruling authoritarian rulers in the world. For nearly four decades, he has held absolute authority in Iran — and amid the country’s war with Israel, he remains the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
For over 15 years, Iran’s nuclear program drained billions and cost the economy up to $3 trillion in lost opportunities. Now, that costly pursuit has culminated in a devastating war with Israel.
Israeli drone strikes on key gas sites have exposed major cracks in Iran’s energy armor, threatening up to 10% of its processing capacity. Now all eyes are on Kharg Island — the lifeline for 90% of Iran’s oil exports — as fears grow of a far more crippling blow.
Iran’s National Development Fund (NDF) has effectively ceased to function as a sovereign wealth entity, according to a damning new report by the Iranian Parliament’s Research Center.
The Iranian government has allocated over 86 trillion rials (approximately $120 million) to Islamic propaganda in its 2025 budget — more than eight times the funding for civil aviation.
Iran is increasingly blending hazardous petrochemicals—some banned in other countries—into its gasoline supply to offset production shortfalls, according to confidential documents obtained by Iran Open Data.
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